▲無國界醫生（國際）主席廖滿嫦9月28日在聯合國安理會發言，要求聯合國安理會的常任成員實行五月通過的第2286號決議，以保護衝突地區的平民與醫療護理。
Caption: MSF International President, Dr Joanne Liu, addressed a special session of the United Nations Security Council 28 September 2016. Dr Liu demanded that the UNSC permanent memebers implement the resolution they passed in may, #2286, for the protection of civilians and healthcare in conflict zones. （圖／©Paulo Filgueiras／無國界醫生）
文／無國界醫生（MSF）
無國界醫生（國際）主席廖滿嫦醫生 2016年9月28日聯合國安理會發言全文
各位大使，各位先生、女士：
上星期，世界目睹了聯合國及敘利亞紅新月會的人道救援車隊，以及在阿勒坡附近的一間醫院，所遭受的殘暴襲擊。
秘書長潘基文當時說：「正當我們以為情況不能變得更糟的時候，道德墮落的標準又更加沉淪了。」
的確是這樣。戰爭進行的方式在今天已沒有限制，彷彿是參戰者之間測試底線的比賽。俄羅斯和敘利亞軍隊近日對阿勒坡的無情攻擊──當地沒有機會撤離，遍地布滿未下葬的屍體──都是證明。
5月3日，安理會一致通過第2286號決議，你們身為安理會成員，承諾保護平民以及他們賴以求生的醫療服務。在敘利亞政府及其盟友摧毀位於阿勒坡的聖城醫院後，你們通過上述決議。那只是當時不計其數的類似襲擊中，最新的一起事件。5個月後，決議完全沒有為前線局面帶來任何改變，這樣的失敗反映了參與或支持聯軍戰鬥行動的成員國，缺乏政治決心。
已經不能再等了。落實你們的承諾。
決議通過後，光是無國界醫生就經歷了比先前更多的可怕襲擊。八月初，我們位於葉門阿卜斯的醫院在沙烏地為首的聯軍空襲行動中被摧毀，19名病人及醫護人員喪命。這間全面運作的醫院的全球衛星定位系統座標，早已提供給參戰方，包括沙烏地的軍隊。但那並沒有用。
這是不到一年之內，第四起無國界醫生在葉門的設施受襲，四起襲擊總共造成32人死亡，51人受傷。我們的團隊因此需要撤出葉門北部，讓許多人獲得的醫療照護減少。在沙烏地對該區進行地毯式轟炸後，更進一步減少當地醫療服務，沙烏地為首的聯軍及其敵方如此輕率行動，交戰規則如此寬鬆，讓這場戰事格外令人關注。
很多襲擊都被淡化成因戰爭形勢不明所犯下的錯誤，我們拒絕接受「錯誤」這一說法。
在敘利亞，襲擊從未停止。在阿勒坡，醫生要拔掉情況最差病人的呼吸器，給其他有機會存活的病人使用，但呼吸器就是為了最虛弱的病人而設置，這是最迫切、最迫切的醫療用具。我們的敘利亞同事在戰爭期間一直被圍困，他們告訴我們，當死亡來到時，他們會在醫院與病人一同死去。我們譴責毫無克制的戰爭行為。混戰是一種選擇。貌似瘋狂的行徑，背後仍有其他目的。
安理會五個常任理事國中，就有四個涉及葉門及敘利亞的這些襲擊。在這個以反恐形塑戰爭戰的時代，參戰方卻能獲得殺人的「許可」，我們再次呼籲你們所有人「撤銷」這個「許可」，撤銷它，不論你攻擊的醫療設施裡面，是否正有你的敵人正在接受醫療照護。無視醫療不偏不倚的原則，也已經逐漸成為戰爭的新常態。軍事行動及人道需求之間必須取得平衡。
「不能攻擊醫院及醫護人員」是沒有商量餘地的底線。因此，它必須要在所有軍事手冊、交戰規則及標準作業程序中，以簡潔、清晰的文字清楚陳述。已經有太多次，未經核實的情報或是含糊不明的指控醫院是「指揮及控制中心」，被辯稱為攻擊理由。
要停止這些事發生，必先要問責。必須要有可信的調查，而且不能只由肇事者自行調查。
當我在這裡傳達這個訊息時，已經接近美軍摧毀無國界醫生在阿富汗的昆都士醫院一周年的日子。至今我們仍在等待一個獨立調查，調查為何42名病人、醫護人員和照顧者，在接受及提供醫療照護期間被殺。
我促請你們盡快支持並落實秘書長的建議，特別是關於展開獨立及有效調查的呼籲。我們也緊急要求秘書長委任專任代表，記錄及匯報對於醫療設施、醫護人員及病人的攻擊。
有罪不罰的情況必須終止，這只有透過政治施壓及問責才能實現。
簡而言之，落實你們的決議。
停止轟炸醫院。
停止轟炸醫護人員。
停止轟炸病人。
謝謝。
▲無國界醫生（國際）主席廖滿嫦表示，「不能攻擊醫院及醫護人員」是沒有商量餘地的底線。
Caption: “Attacking hospitals and medical workers is a non-negotiable red line.” MSF International President, Dr Joanne Liu said. （圖／©Paulo Filgueiras／無國界醫生）
Dr. Joanne Liu
Speech before United Nations Security Council
September 28, 2016
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen:
Last week the world witnessed a savage attack on a United Nations and Syrian Red Crescent humanitarian convoy, and on a hospital near Aleppo.
Secretary General Ban Ki Moon said: “Just when we think it cannot get any worse, the bar of depravitysinks lower.”
Indeed, it does.
The conduct of war today knows no limits. It is a race to the bottom. The unrelenting assault on Aleppo by Russian and Syrian forces over recent days – with no evacuations possible, and bodies lyingunburied – testifies to that.
On the third of May, this council unanimously passed Resolution 2286.
You, the Council Members, pledged to protect civilians and the medical services they need to survive.
You passed the resolution in the wake of the obliteration of Al Quds Hospital, in Aleppo by the Syrian government and its allies. It was just the latest in a staggering number of such attacks.
Five months later, the resolution has plainly failed to change anything on the ground.
This failure reflects a lack of political will - among member states fighting in coalitions, and those whoenable them.
There can be no more waiting.
Make your pledges operational.
Since this resolution passed, MSF alone has experienced more horrific attacks.
In early August, our hospital in Abs, Yemen was destroyed in a Saudi-led coalition airstrike. Nineteen people were killed, among them patients and health workers.
The GPS coordinates of this fully functioning hospital had been shared with belligerents, including the Saudi military.
It did not matter.
It was the fourth such attack against MSF facilities in Yemen in less than one year – killing 32 people and injuring 51 in total. Our team had to withdraw from the north of Yemen, leaving scores behind with reduced medical care. Which Saudi carpet bombing then further reduced. The Saudi-led coalition and its opponents are so negligent, their rules of engagement so loose, that this war truly stands apart.
Many attacks are brushed off as mistakes, committed in the fog of war.
We reject the word “mistake.”
In Syria, the attacks never stop. Doctors in Aleppo pull their weakest patients off ventilators, so someone else gets a chance. But ventilators are made for the weakest cases. This is desperate,desperate medicine.
Besieged, our Syrian colleagues are there for the duration. They will die there, they tell us, with their patients. When it’s their turn.
We deplore the lack of control over hostilities. This free-for-all is a choice. There is a method in the madness.
In both Yemen and Syria, four of the five permanent members of this council are implicated in these attacks.
In an age when counter-terrorism shapes war, a license to kill has been issued.
We call on you all—again—to revoke this license.
Revoke it, whether or not your enemies are receiving the medical care that you attack.
Because throwing medical impartiality to the wind is also becoming a new norm of warfare. Military action and humanitarian needs must be balanced.
Attacking hospitals and medical workers is a non-negotiable red line. As such, it must be set out – inclear and simple terms - in all military manuals, rules of engagement and standard operating procedures.
Too often, unverified intelligence, or opaque claims that a hospital is a quote “command and control center,” is justification enough for an attack.
To stop this, there must be accountability.
There must be credible investigations.
And not just by the perpetrators.
I deliver this message almost one year to the day that United States forces destroyed MSF’s hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan. We are still waiting for an independent investigation into how 42 patients, hospital staff and caregivers were killed while simply receiving and providing medical care.
We appeal to you to immediately endorse and implement the Secretary General’s recommendations -- in particular the call for independent and effective investigations.
We also urgently request: that the Secretary General appoint a special representative mandated to document and report attacks on medical facilities, health personnel, and patients.
Impunity must end. Only political pressure and accountability will bring this about.
In short, make your resolution operational.
Stop bombing hospitals.
Stop bombing health workers.
Stop bombing patients.
Thank you.
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